On Writing Fixed-Form Poems

Originally posted on May 6, 2011 at 9:10 AM

Today’s guest post courtesy of J. Paul Holcomb, “The Poet from Double Oak.”

I wrote my first poem in high school, but I had no idea what I was doing. I was a first-year journalism student in my junior year, and our journalism teacher was teaching us how to write editorials. We had an assignment to write our first editorial, and I had a brainstorm. I would write mine in verse. I had never written a poem, but figured I would do a rhyming editorial and it would be brilliant. Robert W. Service was my poetic hero in those years so I figured I would try to write my editorial in imitation of the Service style. His poems seemed so natural that it would be a snap.

Well, it wasn’t and when I read the results of my effort, I considered the poem to be unbelievably bad. But luck was with me. The homework was due the next day, on a Tuesday and it was Student Council day. I was a member of the Student Council and it met during my journalism class. It often lasted most of the period, and if it didn’t that day I could walk through the halls slowly, stop at every restroom on the way, then drop into my journalism class just before the bell rang and place the editorial on my teacher’s desk. I would have my assignment turned in on time and would have no fear of suffering the embarrassment of having it read in front of the class.

It never occurred to me that my teacher would like the poem, but that’s what happened. The school paper was handled by second-year journalism students, and no first year efforts were included in the paper unless they were considered outstanding. To my horror, my teacher liked my poem so well that it ended up in the paper the next week. I refused to read my editorial once the paper came out and luckily none of my friends commented on it, at least not to me. Once I did look at it on the printed page, I decided it wasn’t as bad as I thought, but the poem made it into none of my high school scrapbooks.

I didn’t write another poem until I was a senior in college, and my next poems were almost as unlikely as the first. I was a Math major and wanted to minor in Business since I was interested in Statistics and the Business Department offered the only Statistics course at my small Liberal Arts college. I decided, however, on that minor too late to complete the minor without either going to summer school or taking more than four years to complete my degree. Not too academically oriented, I chose to get special permission to take the Statistics course without the Business prerequisites since I was a Math major. That plan worked well, but I still needed a minor. Since I already had twelve hours in English, I decided on an English minor.

I ended up loving my minor and during my last semester before graduating, I took a Creative Writing course. I had developed an interest in poetry and thought this would be a good opportunity to find out more about the craft. I loved the course, but the poetry portion of the course held surprises I wasn’t expecting. I expected to find out techniques for writing good free verse, but I didn’t expect to find out anything about poetic forms. After all, it was free verse that was relevant, wasn’t it?

I was delighted to learn of sonnets. My literature profs talked of sonnets, but none ever described the requirements for sonnets. One of my Creative Writing texts showed me those requirements, as well as the definitions and requirements of all forms within my awareness as well as fixed forms beyond my awareness. I was fascinated. I took the definitions and descriptions of the forms and began to try to find examples of the forms in use. Since I was also taking a course in Romantic Literature I took my text and explored the forms used by Byron, Keats, Shelley and Wordsworth. How fortunate that was since on my Romantics final I was asked to compare the versification of Byron and Shelley. I just played back the results of my search for examples. That’s probably the one time in my under-grad experience that I blew away my prof with an answer on a finals question.

Now that I knew what a sonnet was, my goal was to write a publishable sonnet. I figured if I could get a sonnet into print I would have arrived as a poet. When the school literary magazine put out its call for submissions, I submitted a couple of free verse efforts, my first sonnet, and a poem that I considered a ditty not worthy of the magazine but a poem my prof seemed to like.

When the magazine came out, I was pleased to find that one of the free verse poems was printed and won an honorable-mention prize. The sonnet also made the book, but it wasn’t a prize winner. To my surprise, my ditty was published as the book’s second-place winner. I obviously was not skilled at recognizing poetic quality.

I go into all this because Annie asked me to talk about the importance of form poetry. Through the years I have come to understand why forms appeal to me. I believe it has to do with my left brain. For me I think I work with my right brain when I am working with free verse and with the left when I am working the rigors of forms. Put another way, I spent my working career as a software engineer. I believe the forms speak to the engineering side of my brain, the math major lobe.

All I know for sure is that when I create a form poem, the satisfaction is different from the satisfaction of creating a free verse poem.

On a more practical level, knowledge of the forms gives the poet a fuller tool box from which to create one’s work. I don’t think in rhyme. I don’t think in meter. When I am creating a poem though and working from some sort of inspiration, I often experience occasions when I realize this inspiration calls for a villanelle, perhaps, or maybe a sonnet. Sometimes I will see something as a triolet or a minute. These instances seem always to lead to a poem that ends up being published, poems that would have never been on the printed page had I not been aware of the forms. You can sometimes change the line breaks on a sonnet and end up with an attractive, publishable poem, and when that happens with me I end up with the same “aha” experience that results when I publish a form poem.

I believe a poet limits himself/herself when he/she has no awareness of our rich heritage of poetic forms. I also believe to write only form poems is self-limiting. Writing poetry has added unexpected satisfaction to my life. As C.S. Lewis would say, I have been “Surprised by Joy.” The joy would have been diminished immeasurably had I limited myself to either free verse or fixed forms.

* * *

From the get-go, Paul’s knowledge, generous spirit, and fantastic sense of humor (and balance) have made him a mentor of mine. Paul first introduced me to experimenting with traditional poetic forms, for which I am inexpressibly grateful. He is always there to share my triumphs, give me advice, and teach me new things about what it means to be a poet. He has undoubtedly impacted my poetry career for the better.

Paul’s prize-winning poems have been published in numerous journals and anthologies. His first book of poems, Love, or Something Like it, was a prize winner of the Lucidity Chapbook Book Award from Bear House Publishing in 1997. His most recent book of poems, Looking for Love in the Telecom Corridor, won The Edwin M. Eakin Memorial Book Publication Award and was published by Eakin Press. Paul is a past president of the Poetry Society of Texas, and winner of PST’s Hilton Ross Greer Outstanding Service Award. He has also been an officer for the National Federation of State Poetry Societies and is a past president of Fort Worth Poetry Society. For years Paul wrote a column on poetry, “Discussing Poetic Forms with the Poet from Double Oak,” first for Fort Worth Poet, and then for DFW Poetry Review. His columns also appeared regularly in Poet’s Forum Magazine. Paul also taught writing for years to students in the Dallas Independent School District for the Writer’s Garret “Writers in the Schools” (WITS) program. Recently Paul served as a Community Voice for the Dallas Morning News. A retired software engineer, Paul lives with his wife, Sue Ann, (plus three dogs and two cats) in Double Oak, Texas.

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Suggested Reading for both LOVERS and HATERS of Poetry

Originally posted on May 4, 2011 at 1:40 PM

This post is going to be short and sweet, for two reasons. 1) People who hate poetry will think looking up even their 4 poets is a chore, and 2) even people who love poetry will be busy with these epic (read: long) poems I’ve lined up for them!

So without further ado, suggested reading:

For People Who HATE Poetry

1. Shel Silverstein: start with A Light in the Attic
1. down to earth, simple, fun, easy – for kids and adults alike
2. Billy Collins: start with The Art of Drowning
1. down to earth, beautiful, contemporary – for adults
3. Dr. Seuss: start with Green Eggs and Ham
1. silly, rhymed, fun, easy – for kids (but loved by adults everywhere)
4. T.S. Eliot’s Old Possum’s Book of Practical Cats
1. silly, rhymed, fun, bizarre – for lovers of cats (basis of the musical Cats)

For People Who LOVE Poetry

1. “The Wasteland,” by T.S. Eliot*
1. dark, wonderfully depressing, and bleak, with enough allusions to keep you busy for a year
2. “The Bridge,” by Hart Crane
1. the exact antithesis (in message) to Eliot, considered by many to be the greatest American epic
3. “Paradise Lost,” by John Milton
1. composed in blank-verse, old-timey, and beautifully written, this epic might make you rethink your preconceptions about the story of Adam and Eve
4. “The Iliad/The Odyssey,” by Homer
1. translated over and over again into English from the original Greek, these are classics that require a study guide but are well worth the effort

Find yourself somewhere between love and hate? Try suggested readings here, here, and here.

Happy reading!

*Don’t be misled by Eliot appearing on each list. Most of his work belongs solely to those who adore poetry and want to work for it; The Book of Practical Cats is a strange misfit that is completely unlike any of his other poetic works.

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Lyrics and Poetry

Originally posted on April 29, 2011 at 2:15 PM

I think we’ve all said (or at least heard people say) things along the line of, “It was music to my ears,” and, “Pure poetry,” often even in the same breath. The use of these two phrases in such a similar way imply a mental connection between lyrics and poetry. But at the same time, the very existence of the two words proves that they also hold distinct differences, much like the words “horror” and “terror.” Otherwise, why have both?

Clearly, this discussion of the similarities and differences of lyrics and poetry will be unavoidably one-sided, as I am a poet and not a musician. I will, however, try my best to make the conversation fair and thoughtful. If you’re on the other side of things and see something I missed, please jump in!

Dictionary.com defines “bard” as “(formerly) a person who composed and recited epic or heroic poems, often while playing the harp, lyre, or the like.” So originally, lyrics and poetry were pretty much the same thing, when you get right down to it – words spoken, sung, or chanted to music. But now, in my perspective, the biggest divide is oral/aural vs. visual.

When books became prevalent with the advent of the printing press, poetry gradually became more of a written form while lyrics retained their oral tradition. Over time, poetry has become almost entirely dependent upon the page (or these days, computer screen), despite poetry enthusiasts’ best efforts (slam poetry, podcasts online, and traveling poets). Meanwhile, lyrics to music are almost solely heard these days; one has to look up lyrics if he/she wants to read along. With digital music’s near-destruction of the physical CD, we don’t even have easy access to CD-case booklets with printed lyrics anymore.

What does this mean for poets and lyricists? Well, for one thing, it means poets have begun to put more importance on the visual aspect of the words on the page. Free verse has experimented with spacing, word shapes, and alignment. Shape poems and word art have cropped up and gained in popularity. Line length and punctuation have taken on more importance than ever. All because we poets now know that the vast majority of our audience will never hear our voice; they will only read our words. And as for lyricists, I can’t quite fathom the change, if there is one. Maybe in composition? Less writing down and more singing different things aloud to see if they “work”? I would argue that poetry has made the greater deviation here, as lyrics have always been sung first and written later.

Poets and lyricists – switching to the artists here, rather than the art – have a lot in common as well. Both are abundant, consisting of everyone from novices practicing their hobbies to experts getting paid the big bucks. Music is definitely more popular. I imagine that the music industry makes at least 100 times the profit of the poetry industry, if not more. Both are quite hard to break into, and are usually done for the love of the craft. Both are artistic endeavors that require a considerable amount of natural skill, dedication, and practice.

Do successful lyricists ever not know how to write music? I don’t know. I know there is crossover, and it must at least sometimes be successful, although I can’t think of an example off the top of my head. (Can anyone think of a popular song that started off as a poem, or vice versa?) I used to write lyrics before I realized that without knowing how to write the music to go with them, they were… well… poems with too many repeating stanzas. lol. And I know from Jewel as an example that not all lyricists (no matter how fabulous – and I do love Jewel) can convert to good poets. So what is it that makes the two crafts different?

They both employ rhyme. Lyrics tend to employ more slant rhyme (also known as near rhyme), because when you’re listening you worry less about full rhyme than when you’re reading. Assonance is very popular in music, whereas consonance is preferred in most forms of poetry. But there are two big differences that I can think of.

1) Song writing requires more skill sets (before you stone my house: please note that I said skill sets, not skills. I truly believe that musicians and poets are equally skilled.) In other words, poets don’t have to know how to write or read music, play instruments, or sing. (I’m also not talking about knowledge. Both fields require their own sets of knowledge. For example, most lyricists probably don’t know most of this.)

2) Poetry – at least form poetry – requires more knowledge and adherence to the rules of rhyme, meter, line length, etc. For example, a lyricist can stretch one word out to cover five syllables so that their end rhyme falls in just the right place. They can choose to emphasize a certain word or syllable to get their point across. They can also skew the pronunciation of words so that non-rhyming words suddenly sound rhymed. Written poets really can’t do that – and if we do, most other poets would call it “cheating.” In that way, it seems that poetry is more demanding. (Also worth noting: the music behind the words greatly affects the lyrics. Poetry can’t rely on music to set a tone or provide a contrast, but lyricists have to take this factor into account as they write.)

Both forms employ repetition, although lyrics tend to repeat whole stanzas (refrains and choruses) while most traditional poetry forms repeat specific lines or phrases. I think the closest place of crossover in today’s American culture is probably with slam poetry (free-verse, sometimes rhymed, spoken with attitude) and rap (which is essentially free-verse, sometimes rhymed, sung or rapped with attitude).

In the end, I suppose the discussion of lyrics vs. poetry is similar to that of literary vs. commercial fiction. You can quibble over wording, argue about blurred lines, and point fingers all you want, but the truth is that they are distinct entities, that they do sometimes cross over, and that this is not a bad thing. We may occasionally struggle to pin down definitions for the two, but one thing remains always and maddeningly true: we know it when we see it.

Are there any artists out there who are equal parts lyricist and poet? I would love to get your take on things. And what do the rest of you think? Am I being obtuse, or is it true that we know the differences between lyrics and poetry even if we struggle to delineate them?

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Awareness

Originally posted on April 27, 2011 at 9:14 AM

Today’s guest post courtesy of Beth Honeycutt.

“Pay attention!” I can still hear the voices of teachers remonstrating with students in classrooms all the way through college, to just pay attention. Not that they were going to charge us anything! I never really gave it too much thought because I was one of those introspective types that loved to think, learn and otherwise reach the expectations my mentors held for me. But now that I am looking at life in ways that challenge me to be alert and attentive, I think those teachers and professors were charging me with something. Something I have found to be vital as a poet: being attentive.

Robert Frost worked at his poetry while admitting that there were other poets who could just pull a poem, as it were, out of a pocket and go on about their day. I too, am one who usually works at the art of writing poetry, trying out words or phrases, always listening for that unusual application or twist of meaning that feels fresh and ‘right’.

When I take time to see and hold those moments in each day or in each hour that slip unnoticed into my realm of experience and then pay attention to what I am sensing: being attentive, alert, present, ‘in-the-now’ and intentionally experiencing the world around me, I am then in touch with that muse of poetic offerings. I have discovered, also like Frost, that I rarely start a poem “whose end I know” but I am off and writing what I experience. That is part of the fun of writing – the discovery of the end of the poem!

I was as surprised as my critique group when a whole series of poems began to appear last year in my weekly writings that included dragons, elves, and magical elements that I had no idea I would be writing about. But that is what I sensed and then wrote when I was in this place of writing intentionally without knowing the end of my poems. Is there a market for speculative poetry, you might wonder? Yes. There is a market for good poetry that is written in the moment that grabs not only the writer but the reader, too.

How did I start, you wonder? I simply began to pay attention to that voice inside my head. Yes, the one that can rattle on and on; we all have it. However, I have found that that voice is, for me, a voice of wisdom and of story.

A nature lover, I have stood in my backyard and noticed leaves that begin to blow in the wind as if gusting from the down draft of a dragon’s wing on take off. I have driven by the towers of the universities in town and watched as the aerie emptied itself of dragons (birds), while three grandmother trees leaned their arthritic limbs toward the moat of the towers…I have seen fog become the flour dusted off of a cake baked by an apothecary’s wife…and watched a thatched roof house burn to the ground…all within moments of pure intention, just watching and listening as the creative voice expanded from one idea to another.

I find I am also challenged to write spiritual poetry. Yes, the type that bares my soul, not as a confessional might, but as an extension of the wonder I experience when I am – you guessed it! Paying attention. When I am fully present, I sense and then write what is true at that moment. How odd, you might say. Perhaps. But for me that is what it is. There is a quality about being totally present that calls me to write, and a regular meditation practice lends itself to a poetic voice that also explores the spiritual.

Skye Jethani, in his book The Divine Commodity, supports the use of the imagination in conjunction with the spiritual, and with a personal practice in the healing arts of energy medicine, making that connection from the imaginative to the spiritual is a short step for me when I am being aware of life: within me, around me, and as me.

I suggest you try it, this paying attention, and notice what you notice. I find it challenging to live in the moment, but ever so rewarding. Most artists are that way when the muse is present: so sings the musician, so shoots the photographer, so writes the poet. When you write, be present to where you stand in the story as narrator or as participant. Notice what age you are, what you hear around you, what colors you sense, and incorporate these imagines in your writing. What are you wearing? Is your family around? What is the weather? What shoes do you have on? Now try writing from a new perspective.

When I am present and alert, the world becomes more alive to me, and then there is that much more about which I may write! I urge you to try it: be attentive, and see what comes. You may not write poetry, but you might hear another calling to be true to something that lives within; you might incline yourself to touch that Infinite inside you that is ready to be brought into the light, and end up surprising yourself with wonder.

Ah, be ready for wonder. I rather like that as a motto, and it certainly works well as a closing thought. Be…ready for wonder, and may you live deeply connected to the present!

* * *

Beth, at times, seems like a spirit scarcely contained in a body. Her poetry is all that statement promises: descriptive, ethereal, and lovely. But her kindness and critique are both grounded in reality, and my poetry thanks her for that. She always finds a way to deliver her critique without ruffling feathers, while dishing the truth, and still appreciating the uniqueness and message of other poets’ work. I am happy to have her as friend, fellow poet, and critique partner.

Beth Honeycutt is graced with good health, a happy home, husband, two kids and a dog that all support her writing and her own search for meaning. Although her poetic publications began in college, she stopped writing for several years. However, she has won awards for her writing and now has poetry in publications such as BorderSenses, the Wichita Falls Literature & Art Review, two Texas Poetry Calendars by Dos Gatos Press, The April Perennial, two of the PST’s A Book of the Year, Voices Along the River, as well as the up-coming Spring/Summer issue of Ilya’s Honey.

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My Top 25 Favorite Poems

Originally posted on April 25, 2011 at 12:28 PM

For the sake of other people being able to find them, this list includes only published poems. In my personal exposure to so many local poets, this list would change if I included poems by unpublished writers. I also probably left a few out, even though I’ve been constructing this list for weeks now. Don’t you hate that feeling? Nonetheless, this is what I have (in rough order of my favoritism, although it does change somewhat depending on my mood).

1. “The Raven” by Edgar Allan Poe

I’ve said it before and I’ll say it again: this is the best poem ever written.

2. “Invictus” by William Ernest Henley

3. “The Wasteland” by T.S. Eliot

4. “The Lanyard” by Billy Collins

5. “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening” by Robert Frost

6. “A Boy’s Satan” by Stan Rice

7. “The Day is Done” by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

8. “Where the Sidewalk Ends” by Shel Silverstein

9. “The Tunnel” by Hart Crane

10. “In Flanders Fields” by John McCrae

11. “Paradise Lost” by John Milton

12. “Litany” by Billy Collins

13. “Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night” by Dylan Thomas

14. “The Bells” by Edgar Allan Poe

15. “Advice to Writers” by Billy Collins

16. “Like Communion” by J. Paul Holcomb

17. “Night is my Sister” by Edna St. Vincent Millay

18. “The Road Not Taken” by Robert Frost

19. “Annabel Lee” by Edgar Allan Poe

20. “Jabberwocky” by Lewis Carroll

21. “Funeral Blues” by W.H. Auden

22. “Ozymandias” by Percy Bysshe Shelley

23. “The Spider and the Fly” by Mary Howitt

24. “Fire and Ice” by Robert Frost

25. “A Dream within a Dream” by Edgar Allan Poe

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